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Prehistory - The Lost Chapters.
Without written
records, most of the events of prehistory are unavailable to us and
new discoveries often lack continuity or context, which often makes it
difficult to develop a clear and accurate statement of pre-historic
events. This lack of information is compounded by the combined effects
of natural catastrophes, wars, religious and political upheavals etc (such
as the recent
looting of the Baghdad museum in the year 2000, which
highlights the perpetuation of this process).
As we begin to explore
our origins, another fact becomes clear - namely that that the further back we look - the less there
is to find. In fact, testimony of our existence on this planet before
a million years ago relies on just a few bones only, and our exact
path as a species is still very much incomplete. It is perhaps
understandable that when discoveries are found which do not fit into our
current notions of the sequence of past events, that on occasion - we
are forced to speculate their origin.
The attitude of
historians towards our past is changing along with each new discovery,
as the following examples demonstrate:
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The changing
face of Prehistory
Until the
discovery of Troy by Schliemann in 1870, the city was considered
mythological. Turkey has now yielded Proto-Neolithic megalithic
temples dating
back to 9,000 BC.
(More about
ancient Turkey)
The Pyramids
of Giza have now been radio-carbon dated to at last a thousand
years older than the date of 2,400 BC generally ascribed by mainstream Egyptologist.
(More
on the dating of Giza)
The
Tsunami in the Gulf of Cambay, India in Dec 2004, revealed the
presence of an underwater city - yielding artefacts radio-carbon
dated to 7,500 BC, the same date is now accepted as the date of a
large meteorite impact on earth.
(More
on this subject)
And more
recently...
Gobleki Tepe,
Turkey. Home to the oldest known megaliths in the world. This
site has yielded numerous beautifully carved menhirs weighing
several tons each and placed in circles. These finds confirm
Anatolia's importance in prehistory.
(More about Gobleki Tepe)
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Archaeo-Astronomy
It is now well recognised that one of the common denominators of megalithic
sites is an intimate involvement
with astronomy. The success achieved in the field of Archaeo-astronomy is one of the greatest testaments to the level of
intellectual commitment demonstrated by our ancestors in their
struggle to understand our place in the
universe.
The number of
prehistoric sites now known to include astronomical properties
makes it clear that a huge importance placed on astronomy
around the prehistoric world, and it is arguable that astronomy
itself
may have been the impetus for the design and development of many of the
largest megalithic structures. The energy invested
into the design and construction of such well known sites as
Stonehenge,
Avebury,
Giza, Carnac,
Newgrange,
Baalbek etc, represents a form
of communication between people and the universe before the
written word, which we are slowly beginning to understand by
sifting through their remains. It is through this same process
that we become able to communicate with our ancestors, who
describe themselves to us though their art, design and
imagination.
An advanced
astronomical knowledge was a common element throughout the ancient
world, and from
apparently unconnected cultures. There
is a school of thought that argues the existence of cross-cultural
exchange in prehistory. Although there have been many past attempts to
prove such associations, it is argued that cultural similarities are
not actually proof of exchange. The following pages explore the
evidence to see if there is enough evidence to substantiate this
theory.
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Prehistoric cross-cultural exchange.
There are several specific
construction features and techniques found in sites around the ancient
world which show identical methods of cutting the stones to joining, and fitting
them and even the eventual design.
(Prehistoric Construction Techniques)
Evidence for the theory of pre-Columbian contact between the Old-world and New-worlds
is still accumulating.
While similarities between cultures is not proof of contact, archaeological discoveries of European, African,
Mediterranean and Middle-eastern finds in the Americas are proving harder to ignore.
(The
Pre-Columbian America's)
There have been several discoveries now which attest to a traffic of goods on an
international level in prehistoric times. Large scale mining of ochre can be traced back for
40,000 years at least (2),
demonstrating industry and commerce. The bead
'factory' in the Dordogne also shows division of labour and specialisation at
35,000 BC (3).
(International Prehistoric Trade)
(Other examples of prehistoric
cross-culturality)
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The Geodetic Placement of
Ancient Temples.
There is a
growing weight of evidence to suggest that prominent Middle-eastern,
Egyptian, Greek and European sites were located according to rules
of geodesy. Historical accounts from Herodotus support a connection
between the oracle centres of Greece and Egypt. Livvio Stecchini
suggested that the Greek oracle centres were also placed according
to geodesy, a theory which finds a credible voice through both
mythology and archaeology while Xavier Guichard suggested that the
specific placement of prehistoric sites was observed across France
and Western Europe, including the use of Longitude and Latitude..
The remains of
several important sacred Egyptian sites demonstrates clearly that
Egyptians located their most important sites and temples using
geodesy. The application of knowledge such as longitude, latitude,
geometry, astronomy and by implication, an awareness of the
spherical earth and 'sacred geometry' across the ancient
world suggests a common cultural bond that reaches back into
mythological times.
(More about Ancient Geometric
Alignments)
(British Geodesy) ☼
(Egyptian Geodesy)
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The Top-50 Stones.
A look at
the largest megaliths from around the ancient world.
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Stone faces...
Just how coincidental are the examples of 'faces' in stones at megalithic sites?
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Prehistoric Drug-use.
Psychotropic drugs and the evolution of the imagination.
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Extreme masonry.
The skills of the megalithic
builders show them to be anything but primitive.
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The Giza
complex.
The last
surviving 'wonder' of the ancient world.
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Cart-Ruts.
The
origin, form and function of these ancient rock-features.
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Holed-Stones.
Stones with holes in them - A
common construction feature around the ancient world.
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Desecrated Megaliths
A look at
recently destroyed or damaged megaliths.
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Anomalous
Artefacts.
A compendium of
ancient scientific and technological discoveries.
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